Saturday, January 25, 2020

Pauline Hanson: A True Visionary :: essays research papers

Mr Acting Speaker, in making my first speech in this place, I congratulate you on your election and wish to say how proud I am to be here as the Independent member for Oxley. I come here not as a polished politician but as a woman who has had her fair share of life’s knocks. My view on issues is based on common-sense, and my experience as a mother of four children, as a sole parent, and as a business woman running a fish and chip shop. I won the seat of Oxley largely on an issue that has resulted in me being called a racist. That issue related to my comment that Aboriginals received more benefits than non-Aboriginals. We now have a situation where a type of reverse racism is applied to mainstream Australians by those who promote political correctness and those who control the various taxpayer funded ‘industries’ that flourish in our society servicing Aboriginals, multiculturalists and a host of other minority groups. In response to my call for equality for all Australians, the most noisy criticism came from the fat cats, bureaucrats and the do-gooders. They screamed the loudest because they stand to lose the most—their power, money and position, all funded by ordinary Australian taxpayers. Present governments are encouraging separatism in Australia by providing opportunities, land, monies and facilities available only to Aboriginals. Along with millions of Australians, I am fed up to the back teeth with the inequalities that are being promoted by the government and paid for by the taxpayer under the assumption that Aboriginals are the most disadvantaged people in Australia. I do not believe that the colour of one’s skin determines whether you are disadvantaged. As Paul Hasluck said in parliament in October 1955 when he was Minister for Territories: The distinction I make is this. A social problem is one that concerns the way in which people live together in one society. A racial problem is a problem which confronts two different races who live in two separate societies, even if those societies are side by side. We do not want a society in Australia in which one group enjoy one set of privileges and another group enjoy another set of privileges. Hasluck’s vision was of a single society in which racial emphases were rejected and social issues addressed. I totally agree with him, and so would the majority of Australians.

Thursday, January 16, 2020

How Effective Are Drip Irrigation Systems Environmental Sciences Essay

The article evaluates the efficiency, effectivity, societal, economic and environmental impacts of the trickle irrigation system. The trickle irrigation system has the possible to increase the agricultural productiveness and besides to cut down H2O use required for irrigation. It is a system of pipes and tubing located under the dirt. Water is passed through these pipes which end at near the roots of the workss. This makes the H2O loss minimal. Initial phase is planing the system and its installing follows it. The article states the advantages and disadvantages of the system and besides cites grounds with respect to the societal, economic and environmental facets. Poverty is one of the primary concerns the universe faces in its route to development. Eradication of poorness tends to be the premier purposes of authoritiess worldwide. Lack of proper nutrition is a major cause lending to poverty. Bettering agricultural criterions can assist in bring forthing more nutrient and therefore counter the deficiency of nutrient factor. One manner to better agricultural criterions is to develop the irrigation methods used. Irrigation is closely related to poorness. Irrigation benefits the hapless through higher production, higher outputs, low hazard of harvest failure and higher and twelvemonth unit of ammunition farm and non-farm employment. Irrigation leads to high value market oriented agricultural production [ 1 ] . However, in developing states like India, the agricultural sector is to a great extent dependent on the south-west monsoons. In position of the lifting temperatures worldwide due to planetary heating and alterations of conditions forms asso ciated with it, dependance on rains is non ever a possible solution. Failure of proper rains can stultify the agricultural sector which can take to an overall rise in poorness. Thus efficient methods of irrigation demand to be developed. The trickle irrigation system is one such method of irrigation that is being utilized. Drip irrigation is H2O salvaging, efficient and effectual lacrimation system.The article focuses on the different facets of the trickle irrigation system, its part in poorness relief and the societal economic and environmental impacts of this engineering. Subsurface trickle irrigation or SDI is another manner of terming a trickle irrigation system. As stated by C. Shock, trickle irrigation is the slow even application of low-pressure H2O to dirt and workss utilizing plastic tube placed near the workss & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢ root zone [ 8 ] . Water is supplied to the dirt at really low rates from the system of the plastic tube pipes which are fitted with emitters at the terminals. Therefore loss of H2O through vaporization, H2O run-off and infiltration is minimized to a great extent. Besides H2O contact with the roots, foliages and fruits of the works is reduced which helps in bar of formation of disease on the works. Since the tube is buried under the dirt, it is less at hazard of harm due to weeding and cultivation activities. Planing a subsurface trickle system requires an experient qualified interior decorator. As G. Harris has stated, proper hydraulic design is the initial measure in put ining a successful SDI system [ 5 ] . This will guarantee that the system effectively trades with the restraints imposed by the harvest and dirt features, field size, topography, H2O supply and form. The system must be capable of run intoing the harvest H2O demand during the peak H2O demand times. A block or zone, which is the part of the field that can be watered at the same clip, is determined by the features of the trickle tube selected. The optimum tubing spacing is determined by the dirt features and the deepness of tube arrangement. If the installings are excessively deep it will curtail the handiness of surface applied foods limits the effectivity of the system for harvest sprouting. Adequate blushing speeds must be allowed for in the design to take deposits from the emitters. This helps to forestall the SDI syst em from acquiring clogged and increases the system & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s life. Following the planing comes the installation portion of the SDI system. Proper installing ensures that the system performs optimally and it besides determines the life of the system. Installation is done in sites which have non been cropped late as insect activity or weedy countries could destruct the pipes within yearss of installing [ 6 ] .Initially location of the tube is marked out. A subsoiler can be used or if more accurate placement is needed, GPS can besides be used. Specialized injectors are available for installing of the SDI pipes. The power and H2O beginning restrictions are to be considered during the installing of the system. Filters are besides used which helps in taking atoms and keeps the emitters from acquiring clogged. The major characteristic of this system that makes it extremely desirable is that the H2O usage efficiency will be better compared to other systems or methods of irrigation. Evidence put frontward by C.R. Camp show that drip irrigation systems implemented in Virginia require 30 % less H2O compared to sprinkler irrigation for cultivating maize [ 3 ] . For cotton, the H2O use was reduced significantly by 40 % . Execution of the system in Hawaii helped the husbandmans to acquire a greater output than when utilizing sprinkler irrigation system [ 4 ] . Extra advantages include: Drip irrigation systems are suited to farms holding uneven topography or dirt texture. Precise application of foods is possible. Timely application of weedkillers, insect powders and antifungals is possible. The trickle irrigation system can be automated. Irrigation can be carried out twenty-four hours and dark regardless of the air current, daylight handiness or other cultivation activities [ 7 ] . The SDI system can be used for fertilising. Foods can be supplied in a sustained manner, and regulated in rate and composing, harmonizing to the harvest demands [ 7 ] . The fluid mechanicss help in easy H2O command the figure of points provides first-class uniformity of supply. There are a figure of disadvantages for the trickle irrigation system. Initial investing is rather high for this system. Root development is limited and therefore ensuing in root putrefaction and dust jobs [ 7 ] . The emitters can acquire clogged often and cleaning it is a dearly-won and clip devouring procedure. Accretion of salts might happen at the interface between the moisture and dry zones of the dirt. It is by and large accepted that irrigation can transform society every bit good as land and landscapes. Drip irrigation has brought about a figure of positive and negative societal impacts. It helps in relieving poorness in irrigated countries, minimizes the differential distribution of benefits across husbandmans and increases the societal benefits [ 7 ] . The positive consequence it has brought on the demographics of the Waitaki vale has helped collar the population diminution [ 9 ] . The extra population would non merely beef up the societal construction and webs but besides increase economic growing. Thus services such as wellness and instruction would go more feasible. On the other manus, automated drip irrigation systems tend to necessitate less labour and in low pay economic systems, where occupation chances lag behind growing in labour force owing to lift in population, cut downing hired labors can be socially debatable [ 10 ] . This leads to farther unemployment. Sing the economic facets, drip irrigation systems have helped husbandmans to achieve better net incomes due to higher output. Farmers can conserve H2O more and besides increase the productiveness of their farms. The output of cotton increased by 21 % in Dalby and Moree while in Lucerne, output betterment was between 13-34 % [ 5 ] . The net incomes obtained in tomato cultivation in California were approximately 867 to 1493 dollars more [ 12 ] . Water use was reduced by 45 % for maize cultivation in the Great Plains in USA [ 13 ] . In malice of all these a major hinderance in the execution of the system is the high initial cost. Designing and installing requires qualified people and moreover the cost and clip for care of the system is besides on the higher side. However in the long tally husbandmans can do up for the high initial costs with the higher sum of output they obtain. The trickle irrigation helps in bettering the dirt surface and the environment. It allows pre treated coalbed methane Waterss to flux into the root zone of an agricultural field which minimized environmental impacts by hive awaying damaging salts in the vadose zone [ 11 ] . It reduces off-farm motions of fertilisers and pollutants and improves the H2O usage efficiency of irrigated agribusiness [ 3 ] . It offers possible for increased H2O and nitrate fertiliser efficiency and decreases land H2O taint by NO3 [ 14 ] . The certain negative traits that the system has on the environment are that root putrefaction may happen and degrees of salt rises. Root development is affected taking to deficient protection against deficiency of H2O and hapless root anchorage [ 7 ] . Overall, the trickle irrigation system is an effectual manner of irrigation. It saves on H2O use and allows husbandmans to increase their farm end product. The increased end products helps counter the rise in nutrient demand and helps the poorer subdivisions of the society with more nutrient at cheaper monetary values. Evidence presented in the article show the increased harvest output. Even thought the engineering comes at a higher monetary value, the effects of implementing it will be long lasting and positive.

Wednesday, January 8, 2020

The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka Essay - 1112 Words

The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka I have chosen The Metamorphosis as my subject for this paper; I will take a close look at how the death of Gregor Samsa opens the doors to understanding the story. I will give examples of irony through Gregor’s metamorphosis and how this irony brings together the conclusion of the story. Through his death we see the truth behind his parents, which in it’s self is ironic. It is difficult to pinpoint one specific thing to write about in the story; there are just so many things that can be brought to light. If I happen to lose sight of my topic bear with me, there is just so much to be discussed in the novella. In the opening lines of the story we are drawn into climax of the story. We are†¦show more content†¦Anyhow, that might be quite a good thing for me, who can tell? If I didn’t to hold my hand because of my parents I’d have given notice long time ago, I’d have gone to the chief and told him exactly what I think of him.† They live in an upper class flat and they have hired help to wait on them, and Gregor is the one who supports it all. His father lost his business and his mother and sister do not work. The metamorphosis of Gregor is a dark blessing to him. It releases him from all of the pressures of daily life, his family, and at times he seems to enjoy being a bug. At one point he tells us how much he enjoys crawling up and down the walls and ceiling. Throughout the story there is a metamorphosis that is taking place in his home. He has traded places with the family and is now living the life they had previously embelished in. His father begins to work along with his sister and his mother must now work and do the cooking and cleaning. Gregor on the other hand does nothing but daydream, crawl, and nap through his days. One ironic statement from his sister â€Å"He must go, if this were Gregor he would have realized long ago human beings can’t live with such a creature, he’d have gone away one his own accord. This creature persecutes us, drives away our lodgers, obviously wants the whole apartment to himself, and would have us all sleep in the gutter.† How selfish of her, had he not taken care of them and he was not the only one workingShow MoreRelatedThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka1052 Words   |  4 PagesFranz Kafka wrote one of his most popular books, The Metamorphosis, during the literary period and movement of existentialism. His novella stresses many existential ideals. The most predominant ideal that is seen through Gregor Samsa and his father in The Metamorphosis is that choice is the opportune of the individual. One’s ultimate goal in life is to successfully find a balance between work and leisure. It is through the juxtaposition of Gregor Samsa and his father, the conceding tone of the authorRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka867 Words   |  4 Pagesincluding rapid growth spurts. Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develop after birth or hatching. Involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt changes in the animal’s body structure through cell growth and differentiation. The author Franz Kafka, who relatively wrote little in his short life and who published less has been enormously influential on later writers. He is considered an export of German expressionism. The metamorphosis is Kafka’s longest story and one Read MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The metamorphosis,† is a story by Franz Kafka, published in 1915 is a story divided in three chapters: transformation, acceptance, and the death of the protagonist. There are many interpretations that can form this tale as the indifference by the society that is concerned with different individuals, and isolation pushing some cases to the solitude. Some consider The Metamorphosis as an autobiography of the author, which tries to capture the loneliness and isolation that he felt at some pointRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1246 Words   |  5 PagesIt can be hard to understand the meaning of the novella â€Å"The Metamorphosis,† written by Franz Kafka, without thinking of the background. Due to the fact that, â€Å"using† and knowing â€Å"[the] background knowledge† of a story is important to read a â€Å"text† (Freebody and Luke). In the novella â€Å"The m etamorphosis†, â€Å"Kafka’s personal history† has been â€Å"artfully [expressed]† (Classon 82). The novella was written in 1916, before the World War 1 in German {Research}. When the novella was written, in the EuropeRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1380 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"I cannot make anyone understand what is happening inside me. I cannot even explain it to myself†: A Psychoanalysis reading of â€Å"The Metamorphosis† by Kafka The Metamorphosis is known to be one of Franz Kafka’s best works of literature. It demonstrates the interconnection between his personal life and the protagonist, Gregor Samsa, of â€Å"The Metamorphosis.† Franz Kafka was born in 1883 and grew up in a financially stable Jewish family in Prague. He was the only son left after the death of his youngerRead MoreThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka656 Words   |  3 PagesMuch of Franz Kafkas story â€Å"The Metamorphosis† spends its time talking about Gregor as he struggles to live his new life as a bug. Gregor tries to find a analytical reason as to why he has taken upon this form but later on finds on that he has to accept the truth. From being an ordinary travel salesman and provider for his family to a abomination, Gregor becomes hopeless as he cant work or provide for his family. His new life as an insect causes a hardship as he is faced with isolation from hisRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka783 Words    |  4 Pages In the story â€Å"The Metamorphosis†, written by Franz Kafka, Gregor’s family represents the causing factor that prompts Gregor to become a cockroach. Gregor’s family is a symbol of a repressive structure that inhibits Gregor’s every thought and action. When Gregor gets up in the morning to get ready for work and finds that he has been transformed into a cockroach, he ponders about how maybe he should just go in to work late and get fired, but then realizes that he cannot because â€Å"if [he] were not holdingRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka947 Words   |  4 PagesThe Metamorphosis is a novella written by German author Franz Kafka which was first published in 1915. The novella tells the story of Gregor Samsa, a traveling salesman who one day awoke to discover he had transformed into an insect like monstrosity. Throughout the story, Gregor struggles with the horrible prospect of coming to terms with his situation, as well as copin g with the effects of his transformation, such as the fact that his family is repelled by his new form, and that he is no longerRead MoreThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka1021 Words   |  4 PagesFranz Kafka’s, The Metamorphosis, is a novella about Gregor Samsa, a man who devotes everything to fulfilling the needs of his family. Kafka’s existentialist perspective on the meaning of life is illustrated through the use of the protagonist of Gregor Samsa. Existentialism is a philosophy â€Å"concerned with finding self and the meaning of life through free will, choice, and personal responsibility† (Existentialism). Gregor is unable to fulfill the existentialist view of finding meaning in one’s life;Read MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1050 Words   |  5 PagesOn the surface, â€Å"The Metamorphosis† by Franz Kafka is an evocative story of a man transformed into a â€Å"monstrous vermin†. It seems to focus on the dark transformation of the story’s protagonist, Gregor, but there is an equal and opposing transformation that happens within Gregor’s family. Although Gregor has physically changed at the beginning of the story, he remains relatively unchanged as the novella progresses. The family, on the other hand, is forced to drastically change how they support themselves

Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Inner Evil in Lord of the Flies by William Golding Essay

Inner Evil Throughout the novel Lord Of The Flies, the boys on the island are continuously faced with numerous fears. Subsequently there is nothing on the island which they fear more than the beast. The beast is not a tangible object that can be killed or destroyed by conventional means, but an idea symbolizing the primal savage instincts within all people. Its Golding’s intention to illustrate the innate evil inside man through his view of human nature, the actions of the Jack and his tribe, and the relationship between the beast and the school boys. Golding wanted to reveal to the reader his point of view and theory of human nature. He wanted to make it clear that each member of humankind has a dark side, which is portrayed†¦show more content†¦Their desire to please the beast leads them into golding’s theory of inner evil, shown by the gruesome slaughtering of the pigs and the â€Å"Lord of the Flies† itself, a gift to the supernatural creature. The L ord of the Flies is a direct translation to Beelzebub, which is name given to the devil in the bible. From this we can take Goldings perspective and motives not to express the relationship between the Pig’s head and the boys but human nature and evil. Soon the hunters lose sight of their school boy origins and their compassion, seeking only to hunt pigs and increase the tribe members or kill anyone standing in their way. This is a direct outcome from the beast who leads the boys into savagery and violence further developing their own inner beast. The relationship between the beast and the school boys is played out through the conversation between Simon and the Lord of the Flies. The Lord of the Flies or pig head tries to intimidate and forewarn Simon calling him,†just an ignorant, silly little boy†(184) and scoffs at Simon for thinking the beast is â€Å"something you could hunt or kill!† (184) Golding uses this symbolic beast, the Lord of the Flies, to re veal the truth to Simon which is that â€Å"they†(184) the boys on the island are the real beast. Before Simon faints the Lord of the Flies warms Simon thatShow MoreRelatedGood Versus Evil in Lord of the Flies by William Golding Essay1235 Words   |  5 PagesGood vs. Evil Many years ago, Charles Darwin introduced a theory that we humans are a species which evolved from animals that have inhabited the Earth for many years, and he believed that we were civilized, intelligent, and logical life forms for these very reasons. In the novel, Lord of the Flies by William Golding there is a prominent theme of good versus evil which reveals that maybe humans are not the civilized human beings that they were said to be. William Golding carefully netted this themeRead MoreAllegories In William Goldings Lord Of The Flies885 Words   |  4 Pagesrevolutionized his field with his model of the human psyche. According to his model, the mind is divided into three aspects: the id, ego, and superego. William Golding’s allegorical novel, Lord of the Flies, employs these three aspects of the psyche through intricate characterization representing the concepts of id, ego, and superego. Lord of the Flies tells the story of a group of young British boys who are strande d on an island in the South Pacific. They become trapped when their plane is shot downRead MoreLord of the Flies Descriptive Good or Evil1070 Words   |  5 PagesLord of the Flies The novel The Lord of the Flies is based on one significant question that philosophers have been puzzled by for centuries – are humans essentially good, or are they evil? Jean-Jacques Rousseau, a famous French philosopher, theorized that humans are instinctively good, however, when given an aggravating situation, then their minds become warped and are set into a bad state. Thus, humans are naturally good, but it is society that demeans them.Read MoreLord of The Flies Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesLord of the Flies was published in 1954 by William Golding. Today Lord of the Flies is a well known literary criticism. Many schools require their students to read Lord of the Flies because of the literary criticisms in the book. In this paper three themes or literary criticisms are talked about: good vs. evil, symbolism of characters, and maturity of characters. Another topic in Goldings Lord of the Flies is the battle of good vs. evil. Everything seems to start out just fine on the island; theRead MoreEssay on Lord of the Flies by William Golding954 Words   |  4 Pages William Golding explores the vulnerability of society in a way that can be read on many different levels. A less detailed look at the book, Lord of the Flies, is a simple fable about boys stranded on an island. Another way to comprehend the book is as a statement about mans inner savage and reverting to a primitive state without societies boundaries. By examining the Lord of the Flies further, it is revealed that many themes portray Golding’s views, including a religious persecution theme. GoldingRead MoreThe Lord Of The Flies By William Golding1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe Lord of the Flies Essay The Lord of the Flies written by William Golding and published on September 17, 1954 is a story told about a group of stranded boys and their fight for survival against the wilderness and themselves. In this story many signs of symbolism are used by Golding to point out certain aspects of society that Golding thought strongly of. This story on first read may just seem to be a survival- esque piece of literature but, on a deeper look one can find Golding’s true motiveRead MoreMichelle Duan Mrs. MJ English 10 H, per. 3 13 February 2014 A Symbol’s Worth a Thousand1500 Words   |  6 Pagesthe symbols found in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies. As a group of boys stranded on an island struggle to survive without adult supervision to maintain order, Golding uses a variety of objects to convey their descent from civilization into brutality, violence, and savagery. Of these objects, three hold particular significance. In Lord of the Flies, Golding uses the conch, the signal fire, and the Lord of the Flies to symbolize civilization, hope for rescue, and inner evil while conveying an overallRead MoreLord of the Flies and World War Ii1737 Words   |  7 Pagesthings such as social and political environments can impact literature. British involvement in WWII directly influenced Goldings novel, Lord of the Flies. As all authors use their life and times as reference points in their works, Golding drew heavily on sociological, cultural, and military events. Lord of the Flies is an allegorical parallel to the world, as Golding perceived it. The island, the boys, and many other objects and events described in his work represent Goldings view of the world andRead MoreLord Of The Flies Allegory820 Words   |  4 PagesMerriam-Webster Dictionary, innocence is â€Å"freedom from guilt or sin through being unacquainted with evil† (â€Å"innocence† def. 1). In the allegorical novel, Lord of the Flies by William Golding, the innocence of schoolboys deserted on an island is tested and broken. In a failed attempt to reach safety in the midst of World War II, these boys are stranded on an island to fend for themselves. Golding uses Simon, the archetypal innocent character, in the text to demonstrate the corruption the boys faceRead MoreThe Inner Human Beast in Lord of the Flies by William Golding696 Words   |  3 PagesIn Lord of the Flies, William Golding uses symbolism and parables to illustrate and define the human inner beast. There are some main ideas that William Golding se ts forth in Lord of the Flies. These main ideas are impulses of mankind and they exist within all human beings in the world. The author talks about how mankind and society gives us rules and duties. Like to act peacefully, have moral standards, and how to accept others and their views. The story can be told as if it were civilization versus

Monday, December 23, 2019

The Sperm and the Egg - Silly Story for Psy/265 - 722 Words

The Sperm and the Egg Felicia Felix PSY/265 December 4, 2011 Professor Tiffany Hamlett This is the journey of the white knight, Sperm, and his princess, Egg, on their journey to Castle infundibulum, which is the outer part of the fallopian tube, and the land of the uterus. With their arrival, it will be decided whether they will become a male or female embryo and in turn that embryo will become a baby! Princess Egg has waited a long time and looked forward for her white knight to find her. It is fate that the two will meet, because there are so many in their homes that it is only chance that they combine. We will be starting out with the princess in her home in the ovary, while the knight is†¦show more content†¦There are also many different traits they both bring to their meeting that affect the different physical aspects of the embryo. From the testicles, Sperm makes his way to the epididymis where he spends his time meeting with his fellow knights and maturing for about a month to prepare for the great battle to gain unity with Princess Egg forever. Once th ey finish their training, the knights travel into the Vans Deferens tube and move into the seminal vesicle where they freshen

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Argumentative Essay on Abortion Free Essays

string(74) " child can easily communicate with them at any time offers peace of mind\." Today, satellite and cable television, interactive video and electronic games, the personal computer and the internet are central to the daily lives of children. Yet, little is known about the uses and impact of these new technologies. Children are no longer passive recipients of the media. We will write a custom essay sample on Argumentative Essay on Abortion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Use of the internet, participation in e-mail, chat rooms, and instant messaging are some of the ways they are participating with the new media. As their enthusiasm for creating innovative uses of new media shows, children have an important role to play in the future development of new media. If information and communication technologies (ICT) are indeed an integral part of The New Economy, then how children use ICTs in their daily lives is a crucial research question to address. What is the place of new media especially the internet, in children’s lives today? Will some children be excluded from these opportunities while others live in an increasingly information-rich environment? Will the growing importance of the media add to the variety and pleasure in their lives, or will it contribute to their withdrawal from traditional leisure activities and even from social participation? Lets analyze these questions one after the other. New media especially the internet has positive effects on Child Development. Childhood is all about exploration, through the interactive world of technology, our children are being shaped by their exploration of computers and the Internet. The modern computer and the Internet offer today’s children a powerful device that, if used appropriately, can enhance the development of the child’s physical, cognitive, and social skills. Children get interested because they can make things happen with the Internet. The Internet is a powerful tool that is revolutionizing our children’s learning, communication and play. Impact on Physical Development It may not seem to the naked eye that exposure to the Internet would have a positive effect on the physical development of children. However, knowledge of muscular development and motor control skills leads us to deduce that regular Internet usage would naturally enhance a child’s eye-hand coordination and fine motor skills due to keyboard and mouse usage. Impact on Cognitive Development Children who use the Internet show gains in cognitive abilities such as memory, spatial and logical problem solving, critical thinking, concentration, abstraction and comprehension. The Internet exposes children to information to improve the quality of learning that they can transform into knowledge. Through the use of the Internet, children’s language and literacy development is often promoted, allowing for greater gains in verbal and nonverbal skills. New media also includes interactive video games: Speed of visual processing-There is growing evidence that playing action video games increases people’s ability to process visual information quickly and to make decisions based on that information. So also cartoons on children. Cartoon films are central focus of many very young children’s lives, used by parents to help manage busy schedules and keep the peace. Many parents also express satisfaction with the educational benefits of TV and how it can teach positive behaviors. Some of these positive effects are : Educational benefits: By watching educational cartoon films, children at every age learn so many things. Infants and toddlers start learning different words, objects and their meanings. Also, they can improve overall cognitive knowledge among young children. When a kid watches TV in his very early age, he learns many things before going to school. He takes up things easily and tries to learn how to speak and conduct himself. Helps Improve Vocabulary and Learn new languages. Makes a Child feel more confident: While watching their favorite cartoon show, kids adopt many things and sometimes they talk and behave in the same manner as their favorite characters do. Doing so they feel more comfortable and confident that they can talk to people and even can perform in front a crowd Enhance imagination and creativity: By watching cartoon films, children become more creative. They try to do things in different ways, so their imagination and creativity is enhanced. There is also evidence in the literature that children’s imaginative play can be positively affected by television content. The children get new ideas with which they can show their talent. Develop parent-children relationship: When parents buy different storybooks, watch different cartoons and children programs with their children or let their children to cinemas for watching movies. In each of the above case parents spend time with their children. As a result parents child relationship is improved. Source of entertainment: Cartoon films are also source of entertainment for every child even for infants and toddlers. Like infants and toddlers enjoy sounds and movement and at the same time they also learn from it. Cell Phones and Their Positive Effects In Nigeria today, 45 percent of teens own their own cell phone, which today is much more than a phone. Many cell phones function as small computers, with Internet capabilities, games, pictures, videos, texting and email. Cell phones for youth are mobile communication devices that they can use in a wide variety of ways. There are many concerns about the impact of the constant media input that cell phones provide for youth, but there are many advantages as well which includes: Communication: The most obvious benefit of cell phones for youth is their ability to help teens communicate. Although this can be a disadvantage if not properly managed, it is frequently an advantage. A teenager who owns a cell phone is always able to call her parents. If she’s at a party or a friend’s house and finds herself in an uncomfortable or inappropriate situation, she doesn’t have to find the landline or ask permission to use the phone; she can always call her parents from anywhere, at any time. This is even more valuable in situations where a landline might not be accessible, such as when her car breaks down or she has an accident. For her parents, knowing that their child can easily communicate with them at any time offers peace of mind. You read "Argumentative Essay on Abortion" in category "Argumentative essays" Safety: For a teenager, having a cell phone available in emergency situations can make the difference between life and death. A teen who is suspects she is a witness of criminal activity can call 911 on her cell phone. If necessary, she can even make the call without other people being aware by dialing with the phone still in his pocket. Youths have also used cell phones with video and phone capability to record criminal events, making them into reporters and helping police identify criminals and observe exact events in a crime. Engagement and Education: Cell phones have also been leveraged as an important tool for youth engagement, especially in developing countries and  rural areas. In places where youth are less likely to have access to the Internet or landline phones, cell phones are becoming a way for them to connect with the global world and give their opinions on issues that affect them. For example, a radio program in Burundi in 2009 allowed marginalized rural youth to share their opinions on public policy questions, using cell phones to call in to the radio show. Some teachers and campuses are beginning to take advantage of the educational potential of cell phones. On some college campuses, students can organize their schedules and take quizzes through their phones. Some high schools take advantage of educational games for cell phones. Educators can also teach students how to use their phones as research tools, which encourages youth to take more initiative in their own learning. With these numerous benefit, another question that comes to mind is: Will some children be excluded from these opportunities while others live in an increasingly information-rich environment? In a developing country like ours, advances in ICTs have brought a lot of opportunities and perhaps a whole lot of challenges as well. One of the main challenges is the gap between the information have-s and information have-nots -what we call the digital divide. Not every family and child has access to computers, the Internet and interactive media. Persistent differences across socio-economic and ethnic lines have rightly generated an important public policy debate about possible implications and solutions to this inequality. Major challenges faced in the path towards digital opportunity include poverty, illiteracy, political instability, and poor ICT infrastructure. In closing the â€Å"digital divide† , NITDA has since the past five years, set up Many RITCs (Rural Information Technology Centres) in the six geo-political zones to provides a range of services – education and communication facilities so that underprivileged children, with or without any planned instructional intervention, can achieved a certain level of computer literacy. As expected there has been a remarkable feature among the users, particularly with the young ones, of these centres. Will the growing importance of the media add to the variety and pleasure in their lives, or will it contribute to their withdrawal from traditional leisure activities and even from social participation? The Internet cannot and should not replace human interaction or relationships, nor take the place of activities such as sharing verbal conversations with our children or reading together. However, if properly used, the Internet can serve as a medium for acceptable social interaction. The Internet allows children to socialize with other children through the use of email, chat rooms, and instant messaging, increasing the development of communication and social skills. As children use the Internet to connect with places around the world and exchange mail with electronic pen pals, they are able to share different cultures and traditions. Often the use of Internet in classrooms allows the children to work together, encouraging the sharing of ideas and cooperative learning. Students that find conventional methods of learning difficult will frequently find learning via the Internet to be fun. From this positive experience these children improve their attitudes about learning while enhancing their curiosity and self-concept. Many parents whose children use the Internet in school believe that the Internet has improved their child’s overall attitude toward school. â€Å"Education is also the single most common motivation parents cite for their children to use the Internet from home. The Internet allows children to actively participate in an independent learning environment. Children can use it to find inspiration, stimulate the imagination, explore the world and gain new experiences. The process is known as play. Play has its own pursuit of amusement, competition, and companionship – all which can be fulfilled on the Internet. Though it is no true replacement for physical social play, the Internet offers uniques alternatives, which are especially important for those that are physically disabled and unable to engage in physical play. The Internet today is part of our children’s natural environment. When kids are online, they’re reading, thinking, analyzing, criticizing and authenticating – composing their thoughts. Kids use computers for activities that go hand-in-hand with our understanding of what constitutes a traditional childhood. They use the technology to play, learn, communicate and form relationships as children always have. Truly, the Internet has become a daily part of many children’s lives. It is little wonder that it has such a pervasive effect on their social development. Internet Safety A wide range of potentially negative effects of new media have been identified. These include effects relating to: Violent content – including imitation (in the form of aggression or antisocial behavior), desensitization and fear †¢ Sexual content – including imitation (in the form of promiscuous or unsafe practices), arousal, and shock or disgust Advertising – in relation to misleading claims, as well as consumerist or materialistic attitudes more broadly Inappropriate or unwanted contact with others – for example in the form of ‘stranger danger’ or bullying †¢ Health – for example to do with smoking, alcohol and drug-taking †¢ General personality disorders, such as low self-esteem, ‘identity confusion’ or alienation †¢ Physical effects of excessive use – for example RSI-type conditions and eyesight problems relating to computers †¢ Reduced time for family interaction, or relationships with peers †¢ Reduced levels of educational achievement, or reading more specifically †¢ Mistaken values, attitudes or beliefs – for example in relation to gender or ethnic stereotyping. In addition, children are exposed to insults and inappropriate language. The Internet Child Safety Foundation has worked out some safety tips which are as follows: Keep the computer in the living room Listen to your kids and get involved Make some simple rules Consider parental control software Use filtered search engine Check website rating At this point, I must mention that Parental attitudes play a large role in determining what children watch. Parents who believed that TV was beneficial to children were more likely to choose educational programs for their children. By contrast, parents who have not had opportunities for higher education are more likely to allow their children to watch what they want, and have the television on more during the day. Also, when searching for information, youngsters could be encouraged to use child safe search engines. Parents need to educate their children. They need to sit with the child and help regulate his or her Net routine right from the very first time. This could help prevent addiction. Safe websites for Children http://fss. live. com/kids/Microsoft family safety and child friendly websites http://www. surfnetkids. com/Educational activities for your family or students, this is the place to be and for educators interested in integrating technology into their curriculum. http://www. crime-safety-security. com/Learn lifesaving lessons from 22 years of research and experience teaching countless children’s groups, college students, civic groups, corporations, rape survivors, and veteran cops at police academies – dozens of original insights you’ve never imagined and will find nowhere else http://www. allsafesites. com/Safe browser for children and teens http://www. kidsites. com/Great series of educational resources, games and fun stuff for children, parents and Teaches www. topmarks. co. uk Well designed and good fun reference site for all those homework queries. www. askkids.com Safe search engine for children. www. need2know. co. uk Sound, straightforward and well-judged advice for children and teenagers. www. howstuffworks. com Engaging encyclopaedia of the modern (and not so modern) world, with good illustrations and clear text. www. habbo. co. uk Social networking for teens. www. friction. tv A You Tube-style site for campaigners. Make a short video and get your message across. www. mrmen. com Videos, games, stories and more from 24 of Roger Hargreaves’ unbeatable creations. www. nick. com Play games, share your avatar, download screensavers and catch up on your favourite cartoon characters at the Mecca of TV cartoondom. Plus Nick Junior (www.  nickjr. co. uk), customised for pre-schoolers. www. seussville. com A gentle celebration of all things Cat In The Hat. switchzoo. com/zoo. htm From a calligator to a dogophant, create crazy new animals online. www. guinnessworldrecords. com Searchable database of record-breaking feats – but only some, of course, they still want you to buy the book. www. innocentkids. co. uk Great series of games and activities from the smoothies people. Match the animal with its poo is particularly engaging. www. cool-reads. co. uk Ten- to 15-year-olds pick and review their favourite books. More than 2,000 entries and growing. www. travellingwithchildren. co.uk Tips, products and destinations for taking the little darlings on the road. http://www. commonsensemedia. org/website-listsGreat websites for kids with easy hand-picked lists of fun, age-appropriate kids’ sites and online games. SAFE SEARCH ENGINES FOR CHILDREN www. studysearch. com. au/Home. aspx Its one of the mostly used customizable Search Engine used at Australian schools and it is Google Powered. This is developed by keeping the Primary and Secondary school students in mind. This is the safest Search Engine and best suggestible for Parents for make their kids use it. kids. yahoo. comEngine that directs to the Yahoo Directory and its the most suggestible Search Engine for Kids. Its one of the most attractive search engines that keeps you child to engage with it easily. www. askkids. comSearch Engine from Ask. com specially developed for Kids and it provides the results from Ask Directory. It provides the 5 different categories like Movies, Videos, Schoolhouse, Games, and Images with entire clean and tidy results www. kidrex. orgGoogle Search powered Search Engine for kids with interface design developed with child crayon drawing. Its completely a kids Search Engine. Popular Television Programs and DVD Series for Young Children Barney FriendsEvoking a preschool setting, Barney the dinosaur teaches songs and dances to young children. The show focuses heavily on pro-social themes of sharing, empathizing, helping others, and cooperating. Blue’s CluesA human host encourages viewers at home to help solve a mystery with his dog friend, Blue. The show is often repetitive and encourages interactivity by asking viewers to find clues and solve puzzles. Bob the BuilderBob the Builder and his construction crew face building, renovation, and repair challenges. The series often focuses on identifying a problem and making a plan to solve the problem. Dora the ExplorerFeaturing a bilingual Latina girl as the lead, Dora and her friends go on quests and help others, encouraging viewers to help out through their own actions or by telling her what she needs to know. In addition to highlighting traditional educational content such as color and shapes, Dora teaches language by repeating words and phrases in English and Spanish. Sesame StreetCombining puppetry, live action, and animation, this long-running series focuses on a wide range of topics including the alphabet, numbers, emotion management, conflict resolution, music, dance, and healthy lifestyles. TeletubbiesCentering on four colorful characters, the Teletubbies speak in a baby-like language and learn through play. The Teletubbies have televisions in their stomachs that show clips of real children from around the world. This program is targeted at toddlers. Thomas FriendsBased on a book series, Thomas the Tank Engine and his engine friends learn to work hard and be cooperative with each other. The WigglesFeaturing a four-man singing group for children, episodes of The Wiggles include songs and skits focused on solving a problem. The Wiggles encourages children to sing songs and move their bodies to music. Baby EinsteinSeries content covers wide range of topics including music, art, language, poetry, and science. Targeted at children starting at one month. Brainy BabyEducational series highlighting range of subjects including alphabet, art, music, shapes, foreign languages, and right and left brain development. Targeted at children starting at nine months. Sesame BeginningsFeatures baby versions of the Muppets from Sesame Street. The focus is on encouraging interactions between child and caregivers. Targeted at children starting at six months. In conclusion, the internet is an amazing tool for learning and formation. Knowing how to use it effectively is increasingly important and necessary. Providing children more direct access to multimedia equipment and Information Communication Technology (ICT), could provide them with new opportunities to explore their own creative imagination. In seeking to prevent negative effects, it is important to ensure that we do not also undermine or preclude the potential for positive effects. How to cite Argumentative Essay on Abortion, Essays

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Life Essay Summary Example For Students

Life Essay Summary By: Bob Lifes End Life is like Coca-Cola. It is greatly anticipated when brought forth, greatly enjoyed during its existence, and greatly missed when its gone. As in Do Not Go Gently In that Good Night by Dylan Thomas, many people get to the end of their lives and only then do they realize what they have missed. They realize that there is something that they just did not do in life and they try to do that thing before lifes end. The poem is based around five people. There is a wise man, a good man, a wild man, a grave man, and a father. For some reason, others more obvious than the ones before them, they have reached lifes end. They are about to pass on into the next life; however, before they can pass on they each have some issue or loss in life that they must fix. The first example in poem is the wise man. Wisdom is often associated with age and maturity. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, the word wisdom means the accumulated philosophic or scientific learning, the ability to discern inner qualities and relationships. It also means good sense, generally accepted belief, a wise attitude or course of action and the teachings of the ancient wise men. If that is true then what does one so keen, so aware of how living things must cease to live, have to fix? Dylan Thomas appears to be telling us that wise men fear that they have not given their wisdom to others appropriately. It seems that wise men worry that all the wisdom they have accumulated over the many years of their existence was of no matter. Thomas has an eloquent way of phrasing things, Though wise men at their end know dark is right Because their words had forked no lightning they Do not go gentle into that good night (Thomas ll. 1-6). To reiterate my point Thomas used the term of forked lightning this represents the wise mens words. Lightning has been associated with God like activities since forever. For instance, in Greek mythos there were many Gods. The king of the Gods was named Zeus. When Zeus wanted to get the attention of someone or wanted to prove his authority he would use lightning. So when the wise men had forked no lightning it meant that they cold not get the attention of anyone. The second person in the poem is the good man. Good, like bad, have different meanings for different people. In William Shakespeares tragedy Julius Caesar the character in the story Mark Anthony said, The evil that men do lives after them; the good is oft interred with their bones (Shakespeare 876). Good men according to Thomas are so because of the deeds they do. Their problems are always put into the background as they go forward to help others. The good people are heroes. They do things that are to be expected to be done and do not ask for reward. Thomas says Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright / Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay (Thomas ll. 7-8). In these lines it seems that Thomas is also saying that only at lifes end were they boastful and maybe if they lived a little for themselves their life would not have been a waste. The wild man is third character in the poem. Wildness is often associated with being carefree. The lack of caring and adventure are great, but soon the realization that when you live for the next minute time passes by and the moment is lost. You must cherish each moment for the next moment may be your last. Also you must take time to see what is going on around you and not look toward the future. In the movie Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace, the character Qui-Gon Jinn has a dialogue with another character in the movie, Obi-Wan Kenobi. .u74a4f162662299e43901e6861c9325b3 , .u74a4f162662299e43901e6861c9325b3 .postImageUrl , .u74a4f162662299e43901e6861c9325b3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u74a4f162662299e43901e6861c9325b3 , .u74a4f162662299e43901e6861c9325b3:hover , .u74a4f162662299e43901e6861c9325b3:visited , .u74a4f162662299e43901e6861c9325b3:active { border:0!important; } .u74a4f162662299e43901e6861c9325b3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u74a4f162662299e43901e6861c9325b3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u74a4f162662299e43901e6861c9325b3:active , .u74a4f162662299e43901e6861c9325b3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u74a4f162662299e43901e6861c9325b3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u74a4f162662299e43901e6861c9325b3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u74a4f162662299e43901e6861c9325b3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u74a4f162662299e43901e6861c9325b3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u74a4f162662299e43901e6861c9325b3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u74a4f162662299e43901e6861c9325b3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u74a4f162662299e43901e6861c9325b3 .u74a4f162662299e43901e6861c9325b3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u74a4f162662299e43901e6861c9325b3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Superstring Mystery -- Theory Of Everything? Essay Qui-Gon says, Keep your concentration here and now where it belongs. Obi-Won ponders by saying, But Master Yoda said I should be mindful of the future. Qui-Gon ends the conversation by saying, But not at the expense of the moment (Lucas). Thomas was clever in describing time when he wrote about the wild man. Time seems to be against him more than any other is, because he never took time to stop and feel the wind blow. Thomas furthermore loosely associates the wild man with the story of Icarus. Icarus was a Greek character from Greek mythology. He and his father, the inventor HYPERLINK /mythica/articles/d/daedalus. html Daedalus , decided to escape a prison by using wings built by Daedulus. If they flew to close to the sun the wax holding the wings together would melt. Icarus was so exhilarated to be free and fly he ignored the idea and perished. Daedulus was so saddened by the loss of his son he named the sea in which his son died the Icarian Sea. Thomas writes, Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight, / And learn, too late, they grieved it on its way, / Do not go gentle into that good night (Thomas ll. 11-12). He associates it in the sense that the wild man was so happy to be free he risked time, which is all people really have against them. The fourth person is the grave man, the man who dwells on death. He saw death coming a mile away and cringes in the appearance of his scythe. He sits and mourns his loss, but forgets to cherish what time he has left. Thomas again uses light and darkness as stages in existence: Grave men, near death, who see the blinding sight / Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay (Thomas ll. 13-14). The grave mans point of view is only that he is going to die and not that he still lives. He is so depressed when it comes to the darkness that he lets it smother him and he cannot see the light for it. If he would only fight the death a little he would realize that life is beckoning him not the other way around. Finally, Thomas digs deep into his own soul and talks briefly of his father. A father who is at lifes end. Elizabeth Kubler-Ross writes that death is often unexpected: It is a fact, however, that thousands of adults and children die suddenly and unexpectedly. This means that the survivors are not prepared and often react with great shock and numbness to the tragic news at a time when clear thinking and fast actions are mandatory (Kubler-Ross 163). Thomas writes, And you, my father, there on the sad height, / Curse, bless, me now with your fierce tears, I pray / Do not go gentle into that good night. / Rage, rage against the dying of the light (Thomas ll. 16-19). It seems that all Thomas wants is a reaction as his own father dies before his own eyes. It does not matter what reaction as long as his father fights. It sounds like he feels that his father is like the grave man. He is giving up before the battle is even near being fought. No one enjoys the fact that soon there comes a lifes end, but it does. The problem is that people often try to find what they have not done in life instead of what they have. The past is a play, whether or not you as a character in the great play have a big part or little one it does not matter. What matters is that you appreciate what you did in life and what you have gained from being alive. Bibliography Works Cited Kubler-Ross, Elizabeth. Living With Death and Dying. .u721c8c823c0613f6eb66197add8e05e4 , .u721c8c823c0613f6eb66197add8e05e4 .postImageUrl , .u721c8c823c0613f6eb66197add8e05e4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u721c8c823c0613f6eb66197add8e05e4 , .u721c8c823c0613f6eb66197add8e05e4:hover , .u721c8c823c0613f6eb66197add8e05e4:visited , .u721c8c823c0613f6eb66197add8e05e4:active { border:0!important; } .u721c8c823c0613f6eb66197add8e05e4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u721c8c823c0613f6eb66197add8e05e4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u721c8c823c0613f6eb66197add8e05e4:active , .u721c8c823c0613f6eb66197add8e05e4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u721c8c823c0613f6eb66197add8e05e4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u721c8c823c0613f6eb66197add8e05e4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u721c8c823c0613f6eb66197add8e05e4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u721c8c823c0613f6eb66197add8e05e4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u721c8c823c0613f6eb66197add8e05e4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u721c8c823c0613f6eb66197add8e05e4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u721c8c823c0613f6eb66197add8e05e4 .u721c8c823c0613f6eb66197add8e05e4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u721c8c823c0613f6eb66197add8e05e4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Martin Luther King Jr vs Malcolm X Essay New York: MacMillan, 1981. Lucas, George. Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace. Hollywood: 20th Century Fox, 1999. Shakespeare, William. Julius Caesar. The Complete Works of William Shakespeare. London and Glasgow: Collins. 876. Thomas, Dylan. Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night. Literature and Ourselves. Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers, 1997; 553. Word Count: 1295